Polygenic Score (PGS) ID: PGS005199

Predicted Trait
Reported Trait Body mass index (BMI)
Mapped Trait(s) body mass index (EFO_0004340)
Released in PGS Catalog: July 24, 2025
Download Score FTP directory
Terms and Licenses
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Parties interested in using the scores for commercial purposes should contact 23andMe at publication-review@23andme.com.

Score Details

Score Construction
PGS Name G23_BMI_2025_PRSCSx_META
Development Method
Name PRS-CSx
Parameters This score was generated using PRS-CSx v1.0.0 with default settings, phi = 1e-2, and the --META option, based on five ancestral GWAS results (AMR, AFR, EAS, EUR, SAS) and corresponding 1000 Genomes reference panels. Variants were filtered to those with INFO>0.3 in the overall UK Biobank and ancestry-specific summary statistics further restricted to the variants with a variant-specific sample size of at least a third of the maximum sample size for that ancestry.
Variants
Original Genome Build hg19
Number of Variants 1,296,245
Effect Weight Type beta
PGS Source
PGS Catalog Publication (PGP) ID PGP000724
Citation (link to publication) Smit RAJ et al. Nat Med (2025)
Ancestry Distribution
Source of Variant
Associations (GWAS)
Multi-ancestry (including European): 100%
  • African
  • Hispanic or Latin American
  • East Asian
  • European
  • South Asian
5,120,000 individuals (100%)
PGS Evaluation
African: 25%
Hispanic or Latin American: 25%
Additional Asian Ancestries: 25%
European: 25%
4 Sample Sets

Development Samples

Source of Variant Associations (GWAS)
Study Identifiers Sample Numbers Sample Ancestry Cohort(s)
— 5,120,000 individuals African unspecified, Hispanic or Latin American, East Asian, European, South Asian 203 cohorts
  • 23andMe
  • ,ABDC
  • ,AEB
  • ,AEGS1
  • ,AFLMU
  • ,AFNET
  • ,AGES
  • ,AIDHS
  • ,AMFS
  • ,ARIC
  • ,ASCOT
  • ,ASPS
  • ,AugUR
  • ,B-PROOF
  • ,B58C
  • ,BBJ
  • ,BBM
  • ,BCAC
  • ,BES
  • ,BMDCS
  • ,BMES
  • ,BRIGHT
  • ,BioVU
  • ,CAGE
  • ,CAGE-Amagasaki
  • ,CAGE-KING
  • ,CARDIA
  • ,CARDIOGENICS
  • ,CATHGEN
  • ,CFS
  • ,CHIP
  • ,CHNS
  • ,CHOP
  • ,CHRIS
  • ,CHS
  • ,CKB
  • ,CLHNS
  • ,CTMM
  • ,Cilento
  • ,CoLaus
  • ,DCS
  • ,DGI
  • ,DIACORE
  • ,DNBC
  • ,Danfund
  • ,EPIC
  • ,EPIC-Potsdam
  • ,EPOZ
  • ,ERF
  • ,EUGENDA
  • ,EWUH-PCOS
  • ,EXTEND
  • ,EpiHealth
  • ,FHS
  • ,FINCAVAS
  • ,FINRISK
  • ,FTC
  • ,FUSION
  • ,FamHS
  • ,Fenland
  • ,GAF
  • ,GCKD
  • ,GENOA
  • ,GEOS
  • ,GFG
  • ,GGAF
  • ,GLACIER
  • ,GOLDN
  • ,GOMAP
  • ,GRADE
  • ,GRAPHIC
  • ,GRMIC
  • ,GS:SFHS
  • ,GeneRISK
  • ,GerMIFS
  • ,GoDARTS
  • ,HABC
  • ,HANDLS
  • ,HCHS
  • ,HCS
  • ,HELIC
  • ,HNR
  • ,HPFS
  • ,HRS
  • ,HUNT
  • ,HYPERGEN
  • ,Health2006
  • ,Health2008
  • ,Health2010
  • ,HealthABC
  • ,Hoorn study
  • ,IHCS
  • ,IMHS
  • ,INDICO
  • ,INGI-FVG
  • ,InCHIANTI
  • ,Inter99
  • ,JHS
  • ,JHU-AF
  • ,JOCO
  • ,JPDSC
  • ,JUPITER
  • ,KARE
  • ,KORA
  • ,KSCS
  • ,LEI
  • ,LIFE-Adult
  • ,LLFS
  • ,LOLIPOP
  • ,LURIC
  • ,Living-Biobank
  • ,MC
  • ,MCTFR
  • ,MESA
  • ,METSIM
  • ,MGH-AF
  • ,MGH-CMPC
  • ,MGH-CNC
  • ,MGH-stroke
  • ,MGI
  • ,MHC
  • ,MHI
  • ,MIGen
  • ,MPP-AF
  • ,MPP-echo
  • ,MVP
  • ,Maywood
  • ,MrOS
  • ,MyCode
  • ,NAFLD BioResource
  • ,NBS
  • ,NEO
  • ,NESCOG
  • ,NESDA
  • ,NFBC
  • ,NHAPC
  • ,NHS
  • ,NHS2
  • ,NICOLA
  • ,NIHR BIORESOURCE
  • ,NSHD
  • ,NTR
  • ,Nagahama_Study
  • ,Nigeria
  • ,OBB
  • ,OGP
  • ,ORCADES
  • ,PARC
  • ,PEGASUS_PCa
  • ,PHS
  • ,PMB
  • ,POPGEN
  • ,PRACTICAL
  • ,PREVEND
  • ,PROCARDIS
  • ,PROMIS
  • ,PROSPER
  • ,QFS
  • ,QIMR-BGE
  • ,RHS
  • ,RISC
  • ,ROSMAP
  • ,RS
  • ,SBCS
  • ,SCES
  • ,SCHS
  • ,SDC
  • ,SDCC
  • ,SHIP
  • ,SIGMA
  • ,SIMES
  • ,SINDI
  • ,SOL
  • ,SORBS
  • ,SP2
  • ,STRIP
  • ,SWHS
  • ,SardiNIA
  • ,SiDS
  • ,Silk Road
  • ,T-6M
  • ,TGS
  • ,THISEAS
  • ,THRV
  • ,TRAILS
  • ,TRAILSCC
  • ,TRS
  • ,TwinGene
  • ,TwinsUK
  • ,UCS-AF
  • ,UKHLS
  • ,VAFAR
  • ,VDB
  • ,VIKING
  • ,VIS
  • ,WFSM
  • ,WGHS
  • ,WHI
  • ,WHI-GARNET
  • ,WHI-LLS
  • ,WMUB-T
  • ,YACDS
  • ,YFS

Performance Metrics

Disclaimer: The performance metrics are displayed as reported by the source studies. It is important to note that metrics are not necessarily comparable with each other. For example, metrics depend on the sample characteristics (described by the PGS Catalog Sample Set [PSS] ID), phenotyping, and statistical modelling. Please refer to the source publication for additional guidance on performance.

PGS Performance
Metric ID (PPM) 		PGS Sample Set ID
(PSS) 		Performance Source Trait PGS Effect Sizes
(per SD change) 		Classification Metrics Other Metrics Covariates Included in the Model PGS Performance:
Other Relevant Information
PPM022560 PSS012017|
Hispanic or Latin American Ancestry|
16,192 individuals
 PGP000724 |
Smit RAJ et al. Nat Med (2025)
 Reported Trait: body mass index (BMI) β: 0.42 [0.39, 0.44] — R²: 10.8 [9.5, 12.1] age, sex, 10 PCs The beta [95%CI] reflects the per-PGS-SD linear regression coefficient with BMI (inverse-normalized by sex), adjusting for the covariates. R2 [95%CI] reflects the adjusted R2, incremental to base model including the covariates.
PPM022561 PSS012019|
European Ancestry|
139,656 individuals
 PGP000724 |
Smit RAJ et al. Nat Med (2025)
 Reported Trait: body mass index (BMI) β: 0.37 [0.36, 0.37] — R²: 13.2 [12.7, 13.6] age, sex, 10 PCs The beta [95%CI] reflects the per-PGS-SD linear regression coefficient with BMI (inverse-normalized by sex), adjusting for the covariates. R2 [95%CI] reflects the adjusted R2, incremental to base model including the covariates.
PPM022562 PSS012018|
Additional Asian Ancestries|
12,603 individuals
 PGP000724 |
Smit RAJ et al. Nat Med (2025)
 Reported Trait: body mass index (BMI) β: 0.34 [0.31, 0.38] — R²: 8.8 [7.2, 10.5] age, sex, 10 PCs The beta [95%CI] reflects the per-PGS-SD linear regression coefficient with BMI (inverse-normalized by sex), adjusting for the covariates. R2 [95%CI] reflects the adjusted R2, incremental to base model including the covariates.
PPM022559 PSS012016|
African Ancestry|
37,402 individuals
 PGP000724 |
Smit RAJ et al. Nat Med (2025)
 Reported Trait: body mass index (BMI) β: 0.29 [0.27, 0.31] — R²: 5.0 [4.5, 5.7] age, sex, 10 PCs The beta [95%CI] reflects the per-PGS-SD linear regression coefficient with BMI (inverse-normalized by sex), adjusting for the covariates. R2 [95%CI] reflects the adjusted R2, incremental to base model including the covariates.

Evaluated Samples

PGS Sample Set ID
(PSS) 		Phenotype Definitions and Methods Participant Follow-up Time Sample Numbers Age of Study Participants Sample Ancestry Additional Ancestry Description Cohort(s) Additional Sample/Cohort Information
PSS012016 — — 18,701 individuals,
84.85 % Male samples
 Mean = 57.0 years
Sd = 12.8 years		 African American or Afro-Caribbean
(non-Hispanic Black)		 — MVP —
PSS012016 — — 18,701 individuals,
84.85 % Male samples
 Mean = 57.0 years
Sd = 12.8 years		 African American or Afro-Caribbean
(non-Hispanic Black)		 — MVP —
PSS012017 — — 8,096 individuals,
89.43 % Male samples
 Mean = 53.0 years
Sd = 16.6 years		 Hispanic or Latin American — MVP —
PSS012017 — — 8,096 individuals,
89.43 % Male samples
 Mean = 53.0 years
Sd = 16.6 years		 Hispanic or Latin American — MVP —
PSS012018 — — 4,201 individuals,
92.6 % Male samples
 Mean = 52.1 years
Sd = 16.9 years		 Asian unspecified — MVP —
PSS012018 — — 4,201 individuals,
92.6 % Male samples
 Mean = 52.1 years
Sd = 16.9 years		 Asian unspecified — MVP —
PSS012018 — — 4,201 individuals,
92.6 % Male samples
 Mean = 52.1 years
Sd = 16.9 years		 Asian unspecified — MVP —
PSS012019 — — 69,828 individuals,
92.25 % Male samples
 Mean = 63.0 years
Sd = 14.2 years		 European — MVP —
PSS012019 — — 69,828 individuals,
92.25 % Male samples
 Mean = 63.0 years
Sd = 14.2 years		 European — MVP —