Polygenic Score (PGS) ID: PGS005203

Predicted Trait
Reported Trait Body mass index (BMI)
Mapped Trait(s) body mass index (EFO_0004340)
Released in PGS Catalog: July 24, 2025
Download Score FTP directory
Terms and Licenses
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Parties interested in using the scores for commercial purposes should contact 23andMe at publication-review@23andme.com.

Score Details

Score Construction
PGS Name G23_BMI_2025_PRSCSx_LC_EUR
Development Method
Name PRS-CSx
Parameters This score was generated using PRS-CSx v1.0.0 with default settings and phi = 1e-2, based on five ancestral GWAS results (AMR, AFR, EAS, EUR, SAS) and corresponding 1000 Genomes reference panels. Variants were filtered to those with INFO>0.3 in the overall UK Biobank and ancestry-specific summary statistics further restricted to the variants with a variant-specific sample size of at least a third of the maximum sample size for that ancestry. This entry includes only the weight file for the EUR subscore (with its specific training sample size). To compute the final score for individuals of EUR ancestry, all five ancestry-specific scores must be standardized in your testing population and linearly combined as follows: EUR_PGS = (0.16 × zAMR) + (-0.01 × zAFR) + (0.14 × zEAS) + (1 × zEUR) + (0.05 × zSAS). These combination weights were derived from UK Biobank participants of the target population ancestry (e.g., EUR here). Weight files for the other four subscores are available under the catalog entries: G23_BMI_2025_PRSCSx_LC_AFR, *_AMR, *_EAS, and *_SAS. Performance metrics reflect the combined score (i.e., EUR_PGS).
Variants
Original Genome Build hg19
Number of Variants 1,091,375
Effect Weight Type beta
PGS Source
PGS Catalog Publication (PGP) ID PGP000724
Citation (link to publication) Smit RAJ et al. Nat Med (2025)
Ancestry Distribution
Source of Variant
Associations (GWAS)
European: 100%
3,640,298 individuals (100%)
Score Development/Training
European: 100%
20,000 individuals (100%)
PGS Evaluation
European: 100%
1 Sample Sets

Development Samples

Source of Variant Associations (GWAS)
Study Identifiers Sample Numbers Sample Ancestry Cohort(s)
— 3,640,298 individuals European 160 cohorts
  • 23andMe
  • ,ABDC
  • ,AEB
  • ,AEGS1
  • ,AFLMU
  • ,AFNET
  • ,AGES
  • ,AMFS
  • ,ARIC
  • ,ASCOT
  • ,ASPS
  • ,AugUR
  • ,B-PROOF
  • ,B58C
  • ,BBM
  • ,BCAC
  • ,BMDCS
  • ,BMES
  • ,BRIGHT
  • ,BioVU
  • ,CARDIA
  • ,CARDIOGENICS
  • ,CATHGEN
  • ,CFS
  • ,CHIP
  • ,CHOP
  • ,CHRIS
  • ,CHS
  • ,CTMM
  • ,Cilento
  • ,CoLaus
  • ,DCS
  • ,DGI
  • ,DIACORE
  • ,DNBC
  • ,Danfund
  • ,EPIC
  • ,EPIC-Potsdam
  • ,EPOZ
  • ,ERF
  • ,EUGENDA
  • ,EXTEND
  • ,EpiHealth
  • ,FHS
  • ,FINCAVAS
  • ,FINRISK
  • ,FTC
  • ,FUSION
  • ,FamHS
  • ,Fenland
  • ,GAF
  • ,GCKD
  • ,GENOA
  • ,GEOS
  • ,GFG
  • ,GGAF
  • ,GLACIER
  • ,GOLDN
  • ,GOMAP
  • ,GRADE
  • ,GRAPHIC
  • ,GRMIC
  • ,GS:SFHS
  • ,GeneRISK
  • ,GerMIFS
  • ,GoDARTS
  • ,HCS
  • ,HELIC
  • ,HNR
  • ,HPFS
  • ,HRS
  • ,HUNT
  • ,HYPERGEN
  • ,Health2006
  • ,Health2008
  • ,Health2010
  • ,HealthABC
  • ,Hoorn study
  • ,IHCS
  • ,IMHS
  • ,INDICO
  • ,INGI-FVG
  • ,InCHIANTI
  • ,Inter99
  • ,JHU-AF
  • ,JOCO
  • ,KORA
  • ,LEI
  • ,LIFE-Adult
  • ,LLFS
  • ,LOLIPOP
  • ,LURIC
  • ,MCTFR
  • ,MESA
  • ,METSIM
  • ,MGH-AF
  • ,MGH-CMPC
  • ,MGH-CNC
  • ,MGH-stroke
  • ,MGI
  • ,MHI
  • ,MIGen
  • ,MPP-AF
  • ,MPP-echo
  • ,MVP
  • ,MrOS
  • ,MyCode
  • ,NAFLD BioResource
  • ,NBS
  • ,NEO
  • ,NESCOG
  • ,NESDA
  • ,NFBC
  • ,NHS
  • ,NHS2
  • ,NICOLA
  • ,NIHR BIORESOURCE
  • ,NSHD
  • ,NTR
  • ,OBB
  • ,OGP
  • ,ORCADES
  • ,PARC
  • ,PEGASUS_PCa
  • ,PHS
  • ,PMB
  • ,POPGEN
  • ,PRACTICAL
  • ,PREVEND
  • ,PROCARDIS
  • ,PROSPER
  • ,QFS
  • ,QIMR-BGE
  • ,RISC
  • ,ROSMAP
  • ,RS
  • ,SDCC
  • ,SHIP
  • ,SORBS
  • ,STRIP
  • ,SardiNIA
  • ,T-6M
  • ,TGS
  • ,THISEAS
  • ,TRAILS
  • ,TRAILSCC
  • ,TRS
  • ,TwinGene
  • ,TwinsUK
  • ,UCS-AF
  • ,UKHLS
  • ,VAFAR
  • ,VDB
  • ,VIKING
  • ,VIS
  • ,WGHS
  • ,WHI
  • ,WHI-GARNET
  • ,WHI-LLS
  • ,YFS
Score Development/Training
Study Identifiers Sample Numbers Sample Ancestry Cohort(s) Phenotype Definitions & Methods Age of Study Participants Participant Follow-up Time Additional Ancestry Description Additional Sample/Cohort Information
— 20,000 individuals,
46.7 % Male samples
 European UKB — Mean = 56.8 years
Sd = 8.0 years		 — — —

Performance Metrics

Disclaimer: The performance metrics are displayed as reported by the source studies. It is important to note that metrics are not necessarily comparable with each other. For example, metrics depend on the sample characteristics (described by the PGS Catalog Sample Set [PSS] ID), phenotyping, and statistical modelling. Please refer to the source publication for additional guidance on performance.

PGS Performance
Metric ID (PPM) 		PGS Sample Set ID
(PSS) 		Performance Source Trait PGS Effect Sizes
(per SD change) 		Classification Metrics Other Metrics Covariates Included in the Model PGS Performance:
Other Relevant Information
PPM022566 PSS012019|
European Ancestry|
139,656 individuals
 PGP000724 |
Smit RAJ et al. Nat Med (2025)
 Reported Trait: body mass index (BMI) β: 0.37 [0.36, 0.37] — R²: 12.9 [12.4, 13.4] age, sex, 10 PCs The beta [95%CI] reflects the per-PGS-SD linear regression coefficient with BMI (inverse-normalized by sex), adjusting for the covariates. R2 [95%CI] reflects the adjusted R2, incremental to base model including the covariates.

Evaluated Samples

PGS Sample Set ID
(PSS) 		Phenotype Definitions and Methods Participant Follow-up Time Sample Numbers Age of Study Participants Sample Ancestry Additional Ancestry Description Cohort(s) Additional Sample/Cohort Information
PSS012019 — — 69,828 individuals,
92.25 % Male samples
 Mean = 63.0 years
Sd = 14.2 years		 European — MVP —
PSS012019 — — 69,828 individuals,
92.25 % Male samples
 Mean = 63.0 years
Sd = 14.2 years		 European — MVP —