Polygenic Score (PGS) ID: PGS020001

Predicted Trait
Reported Trait Actinic keratosis
Mapped Trait(s) actinic keratosis (MONDO_0005173)
Additional Trait Information Score also evaluated for AK lesion burden/severity (multinomial categories: 1-5, 6-20, and >20 AK lesions) and for association with AK-directed chemoprevention/field-therapy use (5-fluorouracil, imiquimod, 3% diclofenac sodium) in solid organ transplant recipients.
Released in PGS Catalog: Oct. 23, 2026
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Score Details

Score Construction
PGS Name AK_PRS_SBayesRC
Development Method
Name SBayesRC
Parameters Effect sizes were derived using multi-trait analysis (MTAG v1.0.8) of the AK GWAS meta-analysis with correlated skin cancer traits: BCC (N=1,848,895; rg=0.69), SCC (N=1,792,909; rg=0.87), cutaneous melanoma (N=812,057; rg=0.47), keratinocyte cancer (N=1,493,656; rg=0.73), and skin cancer (N=431,198; rg=0.89)Summary statistics was harmonized and QC'd using SBayesRC's tidy function against the UKB European imputed LD reference (Version 2024). SNPs were excluded for allele frequency discordance (threshold 0.2) and rate2pq ratio outside 0.5
Variants
Original Genome Build GRCh37
Number of Variants 6,794,567
Effect Weight Type beta
PGS Source
PGS Catalog Publication (PGP) ID PGP000859
Citation (link to publication) Parasuraman A et al. Am J Transplant (2026)
Ancestry Distribution
Source of Variant
Associations (GWAS)
European: 100%
1,571,115 individuals (100%)
PGS Evaluation
European: 100%
4 Sample Sets

Development Samples

Source of Variant Associations (GWAS)
Study Identifiers Sample Numbers Sample Ancestry Cohort(s)
—
[
  • 6,033 cases
  • , 446,370 controls
]
 European UKB
—
[
  • 21,208 cases
  • , 186,816 controls
]
 European AllofUs
—
[
  • 97,501 cases
  • , 314,618 controls
]
 European MVP
—
[
  • 15,597 cases
  • , 482,972 controls
]
 European
(Finnish)		 FinnGen

Performance Metrics

Disclaimer: The performance metrics are displayed as reported by the source studies. It is important to note that metrics are not necessarily comparable with each other. For example, metrics depend on the sample characteristics (described by the PGS Catalog Sample Set [PSS] ID), phenotyping, and statistical modelling. Please refer to the source publication for additional guidance on performance.

PGS Performance
Metric ID (PPM) 		PGS Sample Set ID
(PSS) 		Performance Source Trait PGS Effect Sizes
(per SD change) 		Classification Metrics Other Metrics Covariates Included in the Model PGS Performance:
Other Relevant Information
PPM038281 PSS013904|
European Ancestry|
12,843 individuals
 PGP000859 |
Parasuraman A et al. Am J Transplant (2026)
 Reported Trait: Actinic keratosis OR: 2.38 [2.27, 2.5] — — age, sex, 10 PCs OR per SD increase in PRS; P = 116x10-269
PPM038282 PSS013904|
European Ancestry|
12,843 individuals
 PGP000859 |
Parasuraman A et al. Am J Transplant (2026)
 Reported Trait: >=20 actinic keratosis lesions OR: 5.06 [4.69, 5.46] — — age, sex, 10 PCs OR per SD increase in PRS, from multinomial logistic regression of AK burden (>20 vs 6-20 vs 1-5 vs none); P = 698x10-235
PPM038283 PSS013904|
European Ancestry|
12,843 individuals
 PGP000859 |
Parasuraman A et al. Am J Transplant (2026)
 Reported Trait: >=20 actinic keratosis lesions (prediction) - simple clinical model — AUROC: 0.9 — age, sex, 10 PCs AUC with PRS = 090 vs AUC without PRS (age, sex, 10PCs only) = 077; 13% AUC improvement; P = 750x10-114
PPM038284 PSS013904|
European Ancestry|
12,843 individuals
 PGP000859 |
Parasuraman A et al. Am J Transplant (2026)
 Reported Trait: >=20 actinic keratosis lesions (prediction) - comprehensive clinical model — AUROC: 0.92 — age, sex, 10 PCs, sunburn history, hair colour, sun exposure, skin colour AUC with PRS = 092 vs AUC without PRS = 086; 6% AUC improvement; P = 815x10-58
PPM038285 PSS013905|
European Ancestry|
203 individuals
 PGP000859 |
Parasuraman A et al. Am J Transplant (2026)
 Reported Trait: Actinic keratosis in solid organ transplant recipients OR: 1.79 [1.1, 2.91] AUROC: 0.8 — age (at transplant), sex, 10 PCs, type of transplant OR per SD increase in PRS; P = 197x10-2 Sensitivity analysis adjusting for type of immunosuppression: OR per SD = 175 (95% CI 107-286, P = 0025) Second sensitivity analysis adjusting for cumulative immunosuppression over time (mono/double/triple therapy): OR per SD = 175 (95% CI 107-286, P = 0025) - consistent with main estimate
PPM038286 PSS013906|
European Ancestry|
963 individuals
 PGP000859 |
Parasuraman A et al. Am J Transplant (2026)
 Reported Trait: Actinic keratosis (any AK, yes/no) in solid organ transplant recipients OR: 2.49 [1.91, 3.23] AUROC: 0.76 — age, sex, 10 PCs, type of transplant OR per SD increase in PRS; P = 925x10-12 Sensitivity analysis including transplant type as covariate: OR per SD = 272 (95% CI 194-382, P = 668x10-9)
PPM038287 PSS013903|
European Ancestry|
1,826 individuals
 PGP000859 |
Parasuraman A et al. Am J Transplant (2026)
 Reported Trait: Actinic keratosis (any AK, yes/no) in solid organ transplant recipients OR: 1.52 [1.3, 1.7] AUROC: 0.73 — age, sex, 10 PCs, type of transplant OR per SD increase in PRS; P = 357x10-12
PPM038288 PSS013903|
European Ancestry|
1,826 individuals
 PGP000859 |
Parasuraman A et al. Am J Transplant (2026)
 Reported Trait: >20 actinic keratosis lesions (vs none) in solid organ transplant recipients OR: 1.99 [1.51, 2.61] AUROC: 0.82 — age, sex, 10 PCs, type of transplant OR per SD increase in PRS, from multinomial logistic regression of AK burden; P = 896x10-7
PPM038289 PSS013903|
European Ancestry|
1,826 individuals
 PGP000859 |
Parasuraman A et al. Am J Transplant (2026)
 Reported Trait: 6-20 actinic keratosis lesions (vs none) in solid organ transplant recipients OR: 1.7 [1.41, 2.05] AUROC: 0.78 — age, sex, 10 PCs, type of transplant OR per SD increase in PRS; P = 250x10-8
PPM038290 PSS013903|
European Ancestry|
1,826 individuals
 PGP000859 |
Parasuraman A et al. Am J Transplant (2026)
 Reported Trait: 1-5 actinic keratosis lesions (vs none) in solid organ transplant recipients OR: 1.36 [1.18, 1.67] AUROC: 0.82 — age, sex, 10 PCs, type of transplant OR per SD increase in PRS; P = 239x10-5
PPM038291 PSS013903|
European Ancestry|
1,826 individuals
 PGP000859 |
Parasuraman A et al. Am J Transplant (2026)
 Reported Trait: Actinic keratosis in lung transplant recipients OR: 2.31 [1.58, 3.4] — — age, sex, 10 PCs OR per SD increase in PRS, subgroup by organ type; P = 190x10-5
PPM038292 PSS013903|
European Ancestry|
1,826 individuals
 PGP000859 |
Parasuraman A et al. Am J Transplant (2026)
 Reported Trait: Actinic keratosis in heart transplant recipients OR: 1.64 [1.28, 2.09] — — age, sex, 10 PCs OR per SD increase in PRS, subgroup by organ type; P = 684x10-5
PPM038293 PSS013903|
European Ancestry|
1,826 individuals
 PGP000859 |
Parasuraman A et al. Am J Transplant (2026)
 Reported Trait: Actinic keratosis in liver transplant recipients OR: 1.46 [1.08, 1.96] — — age, sex, 10 PCs OR per SD increase in PRS, subgroup by organ type; P = 136x10-2
PPM038294 PSS013903|
European Ancestry|
1,826 individuals
 PGP000859 |
Parasuraman A et al. Am J Transplant (2026)
 Reported Trait: Actinic keratosis in kidney transplant recipients OR: 1.37 [1.15, 1.63] — — age, sex, 10 PCs OR per SD increase in PRS, subgroup by organ type; P = 512x10-4
PPM038295 PSS013903|
European Ancestry|
1,826 individuals
 PGP000859 |
Parasuraman A et al. Am J Transplant (2026)
 Reported Trait: AK-specific chemoprevention/field-therapy use (5-FU, imiquimod, or 3% diclofenac sodium) in solid organ transplant recipients OR: 1.57 [1.36, 1.8] — — age, sex, 10 PCs, type of transplant OR per SD increase in PRS; P = 232x10-10
PPM038296 PSS013903|
European Ancestry|
1,826 individuals
 PGP000859 |
Parasuraman A et al. Am J Transplant (2026)
 Reported Trait: 5-fluorouracil use in solid organ transplant recipients OR: 1.61 [1.38, 1.88] AUROC: 0.73 — age, sex, 10 PCs, type of transplant OR per SD increase in PRS; P = 890x10-10
PPM038297 PSS013903|
European Ancestry|
1,826 individuals
 PGP000859 |
Parasuraman A et al. Am J Transplant (2026)
 Reported Trait: Imiquimod use in solid organ transplant recipients OR: 1.64 [1.28, 2.09] — — age, sex, 10 PCs, type of transplant OR per SD increase in PRS; P = 726x10-05
PPM038298 PSS013903|
European Ancestry|
1,826 individuals
 PGP000859 |
Parasuraman A et al. Am J Transplant (2026)
 Reported Trait: Any chemoprevention use (AK-specific agents plus nicotinamide, capecitabine, acitretin) in solid organ transplant recipients OR: 1.45 [1.29, 1.64] — — age, sex, 10 PCs, type of transplant OR per SD increase in PRS; P = 203x10-9

Evaluated Samples

PGS Sample Set ID
(PSS) 		Phenotype Definitions and Methods Participant Follow-up Time Sample Numbers Age of Study Participants Sample Ancestry Additional Ancestry Description Cohort(s) Additional Sample/Cohort Information
PSS013905 Actinic keratosis; via dermatologist examination —
[
  • 37 cases
  • , 166 controls
]
,
63.0 % Male samples
 Mean = 41.1 years
Sd = 13.25 years		 European — STAR Solid organ transplant recipients (Skin Tumors in Allograft Recipients Study)
PSS013906 ICD 10 L570 —
[
  • 104 cases
  • , 859 controls
]
,
72.0 % Male samples
 Mean = 69.9 years
Sd = 7.6 years		 European — UKB Solid organ transplant recipients from UK Biobank (distinct sub-population from the UKB GWAS discovery sample, which excluded SOTRs).
PSS013903 SNOMED CODES 138825, 4299672, 42709860, 4304266 —
[
  • 451 cases
  • , 1,375 controls
]
,
60.0 % Male samples
 Mean = 65.0 years
Sd = 13.4 years		 European — AllofUs Solid organ transplant recipients from All of Us (distinct sub-population from the AoU GWAS discovery sample, which excluded SOTRs). tive agent n=
PSS013904 Actinic keratosis; via self-report —
[
  • 8,739 cases
  • , 4,104 controls
]
,
44.0 % Male samples
 Mean = 57.04 years
Sd = 7.88 years		 European — QSKIN General-population (transplant-naive)