PGS Catalog - PGS000657 / Heel quantitative ultrasound speed of sound (SOS) (Polygenic Score)

Study Identifiers	Sample Numbers	Sample Ancestry	Cohort(s)	Phenotype Definitions & Methods	Age of Study Participants	Participant Follow-up Time	Additional Ancestry Description	Additional Sample/Cohort Information
—	341,449 individuals, 44.4 % Male samples	European	UKB	—	Mean = 56.8 years Sd = 8.0 years	—	—	UK Biobank Training Set
—	5,335 individuals, 46.3 % Male samples	European	UKB	—	Mean = 56.6 years Sd = 8.1 years	—	—	UK Biobank Model Selection Set

Performance Metrics

Disclaimer: The performance metrics are displayed as reported by the source studies. It is important to note that metrics are not necessarily comparable with each other. For example, metrics depend on the sample characteristics (described by the PGS Catalog Sample Set [PSS] ID), phenotyping, and statistical modelling. Please refer to the source publication for additional guidance on performance.

PGS Performance Metric ID (PPM)	PGS Sample Set ID (PSS)	Performance Source	Trait	PGS Effect Sizes (per SD change)	Classification Metrics	Other Metrics	Covariates Included in the Model	PGS Performance: Other Relevant Information
PPM001343	PSS000586\| European Ancestry\| 80,027 individuals	PGP000120 \| Forgetta V et al. PLoS Med (2020)	Reported Trait: Heel bone speed of sound	—	—	R²: 0.2318 [0.2266, 0.2369]	—	—
PPM001344	PSS000585\| Multi-ancestry (including European)\| 21,408 individuals	PGP000120 \| Forgetta V et al. PLoS Med (2020)	Reported Trait: Screening incorporating a gSOS-based screening step	—	—	Positive Predictive Value (PPV): 0.954 Reduction in individuals requiring Clinical-Risk-Factor FRAX tests (%): 37.0 Percent reduction in individuals requiring BMD FRAX Tests (%): 41.0	—	—
PPM001862	PSS000950\| European Ancestry\| 90,172 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	—	AUROC: 0.798 [0.791, 0.805]	Odds ratio (OR, bottom 25% vs. remaining 75%): 1.2 [1.02, 1.41]	Age, sex	—
PPM001863	PSS000944\| European Ancestry\| 8,278 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	—	C-index: 0.623 [0.603, 0.642]	—	Sex	—
PPM001864	PSS000943\| European Ancestry\| 8,278 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	—	C-index: 0.672 [0.65, 0.695]	—	Sex	—
PPM001861	PSS000951\| European Ancestry\| 90,172 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	—	AUROC: 0.734 [0.727, 0.74]	Odds ratio (OR, bottom 25% vs. remaining 75%): 1.68 [1.47, 1.89]	Age, sex	—
PPM001867	PSS000942\| European Ancestry\| 4,663 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.72 [0.66, 0.79]	—	—	Age, sex	—
PPM001852	PSS000937\| European Ancestry\| 80,014 individuals	PGP000153 \| Manousaki D et al. J Bone Miner Res (2020) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.69 [0.65, 0.71]	—	—	—	—
PPM001853	PSS000937\| European Ancestry\| 80,014 individuals	PGP000153 \| Manousaki D et al. J Bone Miner Res (2020) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.68 [0.64, 0.73]	—	Odds ratio (OR, bottom 50% vs top 50%): 1.86 [1.62, 2.13]	Baseline fracture risk (FRAX), fracture-related drug use, fracture-related drug use*gSOS	—
PPM001854	PSS000936\| European Ancestry\| 80,014 individuals	PGP000153 \| Manousaki D et al. J Bone Miner Res (2020) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	OR: 0.76 [0.67, 0.87]	—	Odds ratio (OR, bottom 50% vs top 50%): 1.42 [1.08, 1.88]	Basline fracture risk (FRAX), fracture-related drug use	—
PPM001855	PSS000936\| European Ancestry\| 80,014 individuals	PGP000153 \| Manousaki D et al. J Bone Miner Res (2020) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	OR: 0.74 [0.64, 0.78]	—	—	—	—
PPM001856	PSS000936\| European Ancestry\| 80,014 individuals	PGP000153 \| Manousaki D et al. J Bone Miner Res (2020) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	OR: 0.76 [0.64, 0.89]	—	—	Baseline fracture risk (FRAX), fracture-related drug use, fracture-related drug use*gSOS	—
PPM001857	PSS000933\| European Ancestry\| 12,678 individuals	PGP000153 \| Manousaki D et al. J Bone Miner Res (2020) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture in fracture-related drug users	OR: 0.78 [0.68, 0.88]	—	Odds ratio (OR, bottom 50% vs top 50%): 1.54 [1.19, 1.99]	Basline fracture risk (FRAX)	—
PPM001858	PSS000932\| European Ancestry\| 12,678 individuals	PGP000153 \| Manousaki D et al. J Bone Miner Res (2020) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: incident hip fracture in fracture-related drug users	OR: 0.77 [0.61, 0.98]	—	Odds ratio (OR, bottom 50% vs top 50%): 1.99 [1.19, 3.31]	Basline fracture risk (FRAX)	—
PPM001859	PSS000935\| European Ancestry\| 67,336 individuals	PGP000153 \| Manousaki D et al. J Bone Miner Res (2020) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture in individuals who don’t use fracture-related drugs	OR: 0.57 [0.54, 0.61]	—	Odds ratio (OR, bottom 50% vs top 50%): 1.75 [1.65, 1.86]	Basline fracture risk (FRAX)	—
PPM001860	PSS000934\| European Ancestry\| 67,336 individuals	PGP000153 \| Manousaki D et al. J Bone Miner Res (2020) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture in individuals who don’t use fracture-related drugs	OR: 0.36 [0.3, 0.43]	—	Odds ratio (OR, bottom 50% vs top 50%): 2.81 [2.35, 3.36]	Basline fracture risk (FRAX)	—
PPM001865	PSS000948\| European Ancestry\| 80,014 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.68 [0.65, 0.72]	AUROC: 0.68 [0.673, 0.688]	—	Age, sex	—
PPM001868	PSS000942\| European Ancestry\| 4,663 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.76 [0.69, 0.85]	—	—	Age, sex, body mass index, prior fracture, smoking, corticosteroids use, rheumatoid arthritis, parental fracture, at-risk drinking, falls at baseline, secondary osteoperosis	—
PPM001869	PSS000940\| European Ancestry\| 1,880 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.69 [0.61, 0.78]	—	—	Age, sex	—
PPM001870	PSS000940\| European Ancestry\| 1,880 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.72 [0.61, 0.85]	—	—	Age, sex, body mass index, prior fracture, smoking, corticosteroids use, rheumatoid arthritis, parental fracture, at-risk drinking, falls at baseline, secondary osteoperosis	—
PPM001871	PSS000946\| European Ancestry\| 3,615 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.74 [0.68, 0.81]	—	—	Age, sex	—
PPM001872	PSS000946\| European Ancestry\| 3,615 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.75 [0.68, 0.83]	—	—	Age, sex, body mass index, prior fracture, smoking, corticosteroids use, rheumatoid arthritis, parental fracture, at-risk drinking, falls at baseline, secondary osteoperosis	—
PPM001873	PSS000938\| East Asian Ancestry\| 25,034 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.79 [0.71, 0.88]	—	—	Age, sex	Only 13,848 of the original 21717 SNPs (63.8%) were used due to difference in reference panel.
PPM001874	PSS000938\| East Asian Ancestry\| 25,034 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.82 [0.74, 0.92]	—	—	Age, sex, body mass index, prior fracture, smoking, corticosteroids use, rheumatoid arthritis, parental fracture, at-risk drinking, falls at baseline, secondary osteoperosis	Only 13,848 of the original 21717 SNPs (63.8%) were used due to difference in reference panel.
PPM001875	PSS000947\| European Ancestry\| 80,014 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	OR: 0.73 [0.63, 0.84]	AUROC: 0.739 [0.724, 0.754]	—	Age, sex	—
PPM001876	PSS000947\| European Ancestry\| 80,014 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	OR: 0.75 [0.65, 0.86]	—	—	Age, sex, body mass index, prior fracture, smoking, corticosteroids use, rheumatoid arthritis, parental fracture, at-risk drinking, falls at baseline, secondary osteoperosis	—
PPM001877	PSS000941\| European Ancestry\| 4,663 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	OR: 0.73 [0.64, 0.83]	—	—	Age, sex	—
PPM001878	PSS000941\| European Ancestry\| 4,663 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	OR: 0.75 [0.65, 0.87]	—	—	Age, sex, body mass index, prior fracture, smoking, corticosteroids use, rheumatoid arthritis, parental fracture, at-risk drinking, falls at baseline, secondary osteoperosis	—
PPM001879	PSS000939\| European Ancestry\| 1,880 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	OR: 0.76 [0.63, 0.93]	—	—	Age, sex	—
PPM001880	PSS000939\| European Ancestry\| 1,880 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	OR: 0.74 [0.58, 0.95]	—	—	Age, sex, body mass index, prior fracture, smoking, corticosteroids use, rheumatoid arthritis, parental fracture, at-risk drinking, falls at baseline, secondary osteoperosis	—
PPM001881	PSS000945\| European Ancestry\| 3,615 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	OR: 0.76 [0.7, 0.84]	—	—	Age, sex	—
PPM001882	PSS000945\| European Ancestry\| 3,615 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	OR: 0.76 [0.68, 0.84]	—	—	Age, sex, body mass index, prior fracture, smoking, corticosteroids use, rheumatoid arthritis, parental fracture, at-risk drinking, falls at baseline, secondary osteoperosis	—
PPM001883	PSS000949\| European Ancestry\| 4,717 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.71 [0.59, 0.85]	—	—	Clinical risk factor-based score (FRAX-CRF)	—
PPM001884	PSS000942\| European Ancestry\| 4,663 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.74 [0.67, 0.81]	—	—	Clinical risk factor-based score (FRAX-CRF)	—
PPM001885	PSS000940\| European Ancestry\| 1,880 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.72 [0.63, 0.81]	—	—	Clinical risk factor-based score (FRAX-CRF)	—
PPM001886	PSS000946\| European Ancestry\| 3,615 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.77 [0.7, 0.84]	—	—	Clinical risk factor-based score (FRAX-CRF)	—
PPM001887	PSS000941\| European Ancestry\| 4,663 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	OR: 0.74 [0.65, 0.83]	—	—	Clinical risk factor-based score (FRAX-CRF)	—
PPM001888	PSS000939\| European Ancestry\| 1,880 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	OR: 0.8 [0.67, 0.96]	—	—	Clinical risk factor-based score (FRAX-CRF)	—
PPM001889	PSS000945\| European Ancestry\| 3,615 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	OR: 0.76 [0.69, 0.84]	—	—	Clinical risk factor-based score (FRAX-CRF)	—
PPM001890	PSS000949\| European Ancestry\| 4,717 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.75 [0.63, 0.9]	—	—	Age, sex, measured femoral neck bone mineral density	—
PPM001891	PSS000942\| European Ancestry\| 4,663 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.82 [0.75, 0.9]	—	—	Age, sex, measured femoral neck bone mineral density	—
PPM001892	PSS000940\| European Ancestry\| 1,880 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.78 [0.68, 0.88]	—	—	Age, sex, measured femoral neck bone mineral density	—
PPM001893	PSS000946\| European Ancestry\| 3,615 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.82 [0.75, 0.9]	—	—	Age, sex, measured femoral neck bone mineral density	—
PPM001894	PSS000941\| European Ancestry\| 4,663 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	OR: 0.85 [0.75, 0.97]	—	—	Age, sex, measured femoral neck bone mineral density	—
PPM001895	PSS000945\| European Ancestry\| 3,615 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	OR: 0.83 [0.76, 0.93]	—	—	Age, sex, measured femoral neck bone mineral density	—
PPM001896	PSS000949\| European Ancestry\| 4,717 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.75 [0.63, 0.89]	—	—	Clinical risk factor-based score including bone mineral density (FRAX-BMD)	—
PPM001897	PSS000942\| European Ancestry\| 4,663 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.78 [0.71, 0.85]	—	—	Clinical risk factor-based score including bone mineral density (FRAX-BMD)	—
PPM001898	PSS000940\| European Ancestry\| 1,880 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.75 [0.66, 0.85]	—	—	Clinical risk factor-based score including bone mineral density (FRAX-BMD)	—
PPM001899	PSS000946\| European Ancestry\| 3,615 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.82 [0.75, 0.89]	—	—	Clinical risk factor-based score including bone mineral density (FRAX-BMD)	—
PPM001900	PSS000941\| European Ancestry\| 4,663 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	OR: 0.76 [0.68, 0.87]	—	—	Clinical risk factor-based score including bone mineral density (FRAX-BMD)	—
PPM001901	PSS000945\| European Ancestry\| 3,615 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	OR: 0.8 [0.73, 0.88]	—	—	Clinical risk factor-based score including bone mineral density (FRAX-BMD)	—
PPM001902	PSS000944\| European Ancestry\| 8,278 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	—	C-index: 0.66 [0.641, 0.679]	—	Clinical risk factor-based score (FRAX-CRF)	—
PPM001903	PSS000943\| European Ancestry\| 8,278 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident hip fracture	—	C-index: 0.682 [0.66, 0.704]	—	Clinical risk factor-based score (FRAX-CRF)	—
PPM001851	PSS000937\| European Ancestry\| 80,014 individuals	PGP000153 \| Manousaki D et al. J Bone Miner Res (2020) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.7 [0.66, 0.75]	—	Odds Ratio (OR, bottom 50% vs top 50%): 1.79 [1.58, 2.01]	Basline fracture risk (FRAX), fracture-related drug use	—
PPM001866	PSS000948\| European Ancestry\| 80,014 individuals	PGP000154 \| Lu T et al. Genome Med (2021) \|Ext.	Reported Trait: Incident major osteoporotic fracture	OR: 0.7 [0.66, 0.75]	—	—	Age, sex, body mass index, prior fracture, smoking, corticosteroids use, rheumatoid arthritis, parental fracture, at-risk drinking, falls at baseline, secondary osteoperosis	—

Evaluated Samples

PGS Sample Set ID (PSS)	Phenotype Definitions and Methods	Participant Follow-up Time	Sample Numbers	Age of Study Participants	Sample Ancestry	Additional Ancestry Description	Cohort(s)	Additional Sample/Cohort Information
PSS000940	Cases included individuals with a major osteoporotic fracture that occurred after the baseline visit.	—	1,880 individuals [ 337 cases , 1,543 controls ] , 100.0 % Male samples	Mean = 75.4 years Sd = 3.2 years	European	—	MrOS-SWE	—
PSS000941	Cases included individuals with a hip fracture that occurred after the baseline visit.	Mean = 4.5 years	4,663 individuals [ 273 cases , 4,390 controls ] , 100.0 % Male samples	Mean = 74.0 years Sd = 6.0 years	European	—	MrOS-USA	—
PSS000942	Cases included individuals with a major osteoporotic fracture that occurred after the baseline visit.	Mean = 4.5 years	4,663 individuals [ 560 cases , 4,103 controls ] , 100.0 % Male samples	Mean = 74.0 years Sd = 6.0 years	European	—	MrOS-USA	—
PSS000943	Cases included individuals with a hip fracture that occurred after the baseline visit.	Range = [4.5, 14.5] years	8,278 individuals [ 829 cases , 7,449 controls ] , 56.33 % Male samples	—	European	—	MrOS-USA, SOF	—
PSS000944	Cases included individuals with a major osteoporotic fracture that occurred after the baseline visit.	Range = [4.5, 14.5] years	8,278 individuals [ 1,267 cases , 7,011 controls ] , 56.33 % Male samples	—	European	—	MrOS-USA, SOF	—
PSS000945	Cases included individuals with a hip fracture that occurred after the baseline visit.	Mean = 14.5 years	3,615 individuals [ 556 cases , 3,059 controls ] , 0.0 % Male samples	Mean = 71.5 years Sd = 5.3 years	European	—	SOF	—
PSS000946	Cases included individuals with a major osteoporotic fracture that occurred after the baseline visit.	Mean = 14.5 years	3,615 individuals [ 707 cases , 2,908 controls ] , 0.0 % Male samples	Mean = 71.5 years Sd = 5.3 years	European	—	SOF	—
PSS000947	Cases included individuals with a hip fracture that occurred after the baseline visit.	—	80,014 individuals [ 209 cases , 79,805 controls ] , 45.36 % Male samples	Mean = 56.8 years Sd = 8.0 years	European	—	UKB	—
PSS000948	Cases included individuals with a major osteoporotic fracture that occurred after the baseline visit. ICD 10 codes include: M8002, M8003, M8005, M8008, M8082, M8083, M8085, M8088, S220, S320, S422, S423, S424, S520, S521, S522, S523, S525, S526, S529, S720, S721, and S722.	—	80,014 individuals [ 1,189 cases , 78,825 controls ] , 45.36 % Male samples	Mean = 56.8 years Sd = 8.0 years	European	—	UKB	—
PSS000949	Cases included individuals with a major osteoporotic fracture that occurred after the baseline visit. ICD 10 codes include: M8002, M8003, M8005, M8008, M8082, M8083, M8085, M8088, S220, S320, S422, S423, S424, S520, S521, S522, S523, S525, S526, S529, S720, S721, and S722.	—	4,717 individuals [ 125 cases , 4,592 controls ]	—	European	—	UKB	—
PSS000950	Cases included individuals with a hip fracture that occurred after the baseline visit.	Range = [4.5, 14.5] years	90,172 individuals [ 1,167 cases , 89,005 controls ] , 31.61 % Male samples	—	European	—	MrOS-SWE, MrOS-USA, SOF, UKB	—
PSS000951	Cases included individuals with a major osteoporotic fracture that occurred after the baseline visit. UKB cohort: Sitespecific major osteoporotic fractures were defined basedon ICD10 codes of primary diagnoses (M8002, M8003, M8005, M8008, M8082, M8083, M8085, M8088, S220, S320, S422, S423, S424, S520, S521, S522, S523, S525, S526, S529, S720, S721, and S722) and self-reported medical history.	Range = [4.5, 14.5] years	90,172 individuals [ 2,793 cases , 87,379 controls ] , 31.61 % Male samples	—	European	—	MrOS-SWE, MrOS-USA, SOF, UKB	—
PSS000585	—	—	4,741 individuals, 47.5 % Male samples	Mean = 55.8 years Sd = 7.6 years	European	—	UKB	—
PSS000585	—	—	6,704 individuals, 49.3 % Male samples	Mean = 62.6 years Sd = 9.9 years	European, NR	—	CLSA	—
PSS000585	—	—	3,426 individuals, 0.0 % Male samples	Mean = 71.5 years Sd = 5.3 years	European, NR	—	SOF	—
PSS000585	—	—	4,657 individuals, 100.0 % Male samples	Mean = 74.0 years Sd = 6.0 years	European	—	MrOS-USA	—
PSS000585	—	—	1,880 individuals, 100.0 % Male samples	Mean = 75.4 years Sd = 3.2 years	European (Swedish)	—	MrOS-SWE	—
PSS000586	—	—	80,027 individuals, 47.5 % Male samples	Mean = 55.8 years Sd = 7.6 years	European	—	UKB	—
PSS000932	Incident major osteoporotic fractures (MOF; composite of hip, clinical spine, forearm, humerus)(16) were identified from ques- tionnaire data from UK Biobank from the baseline assessment and ICD-10 codes from hospital admissions (primary diagnoses). ICD codes used to identify Fracture cases include: M8002, M8003, M8082, M8083, S422, S423, S424, S520, S521, S522, S523, S525, S526, S529, M8005, M8085, S720, S721,S722, M8008, M8088, S220, S320	—	12,678 individuals [ 68 cases , 12,610 controls ] , 40.52 % Male samples	Mean = 58.6 years Sd = 7.7 years	European	—	UKB	—
PSS000933	Incident major osteoporotic fractures (MOF; composite of hip, clinical spine, forearm, humerus)(16) were identified from ques- tionnaire data from UK Biobank from the baseline assessment and ICD-10 codes from hospital admissions (primary diagnoses). ICD codes used to identify Fracture cases include: M8002, M8003, M8082, M8083, S422, S423, S424, S520, S521, S522, S523, S525, S526, S529, M8005, M8085, S720, S721,S722, M8008, M8088, S220, S320	—	12,678 individuals [ 256 cases , 12,422 controls ] , 40.52 % Male samples	Mean = 58.6 years Sd = 7.6 years	European	—	UKB	—
PSS000934	Incident major osteoporotic fractures (MOF; composite of hip, clinical spine, forearm, humerus)(16) were identified from ques- tionnaire data from UK Biobank from the baseline assessment and ICD-10 codes from hospital admissions (primary diagnoses). ICD codes used to identify Fracture cases include: M8002, M8003, M8082, M8083, S422, S423, S424, S520, S521, S522, S523, S525, S526, S529, M8005, M8085, S720, S721,S722, M8008, M8088, S220, S322	—	67,336 individuals [ 141 cases , 67,195 controls ] , 46.27 % Male samples	Mean = 56.5 years Sd = 8.2 years	European	—	UKB	—
PSS000935	Incident major osteoporotic fractures (MOF; composite of hip, clinical spine, forearm, humerus)(16) were identified from ques- tionnaire data from UK Biobank from the baseline assessment and ICD-10 codes from hospital admissions (primary diagnoses). ICD codes used to identify Fracture cases include: M8002, M8003, M8082, M8083, S422, S423, S424, S520, S521, S522, S523, S525, S526, S529, M8005, M8085, S720, S721,S722, M8008, M8088, S220, S321	—	67,336 individuals [ 933 cases , 66,403 controls ] , 46.27 % Male samples	Mean = 56.5 years Sd = 8.1 years	European	—	UKB	—
PSS000936	Incident major osteoporotic fractures (MOF; composite of hip, clinical spine, forearm, humerus)(16) were identified from ques- tionnaire data from UK Biobank from the baseline assessment and ICD-10 codes from hospital admissions (primary diagnoses). ICD codes used to identify Fracture cases include: M8002, M8003, M8082, M8083, S422, S423, S424, S520, S521, S522, S523, S525, S526, S529, M8005, M8085, S720, S721,S722, M8008, M8088, S220, S320	—	80,014 individuals [ 209 cases , 79,805 controls ] , 45.36 % Male samples	Mean = 56.8 years Sd = 8.1 years	European	—	UKB	—
PSS000937	Incident major osteoporotic fractures (MOF; composite of hip, clinical spine, forearm, humerus)(16) were identified from ques- tionnaire data from UK Biobank from the baseline assessment and ICD-10 codes from hospital admissions (primary diagnoses). ICD codes used to identify Fracture cases include: M8002, M8003, M8082, M8083, S422, S423, S424, S520, S521, S522, S523, S525, S526, S529, M8005, M8085, S720, S721,S722, M8008, M8088, S220, S320	—	80,014 individuals [ 1,189 cases , 78,825 controls ] , 45.36 % Male samples	Mean = 56.8 years Sd = 8.0 years	European	—	UKB	—
PSS000938	Cases included individuals with a major osteoporotic fracture that occurred after the baseline visit.	—	25,034 individuals [ 323 cases , 24,711 controls ] , 42.7 % Male samples	Mean = 53.7 years Sd = 11.0 years	East Asian	—	CKB	—
PSS000939	Cases included individuals with a hip fracture that occurred after the baseline visit.	—	1,880 individuals [ 129 cases , 1,751 controls ] , 100.0 % Male samples	Mean = 75.4 years Sd = 3.2 years	European	—	MrOS-SWE	—

Predicted Trait
Reported Trait	Heel quantitative ultrasound speed of sound (SOS)
Mapped Trait(s)	calcaneal bone quantitative ultrasound measurement (EFO_0007772)

Score Construction
PGS Name	gSOS
Development Method
Name	LASSO (biglasso)
Parameters	SOS p-value < 5e-4; λ = 0.0028
Variants
Original Genome Build	GRCh37
Number of Variants	21,716
Effect Weight Type	NR

PGS Source
PGS Catalog Publication (PGP) ID	PGP000120
Citation (link to publication)	Forgetta V et al. PLoS Med (2020)

Ancestry Distribution
Score Development/Training	European: 100% 346,784 individuals (100%)
PGS Evaluation	European: 90.9% East Asian: 4.5% Multi-ancestry (including European): 4.5% European Not Reported 22 Sample Sets

Polygenic Score (PGS) ID: PGS000657

Score Details

Development Samples

Score Development/Training

Performance Metrics

Evaluated Samples