Polygenic Score (PGS) ID: PGS005221

Predicted Trait
Reported Trait General factor of frailty
Mapped Trait(s) frailty measurement (EFO_0009885)
Additional Trait Information PGS based on the general factor from a Genomic SEM bifactor model of frailty, representing shared genetic liability across 30 frailty-related traits in the UK Biobank. This general factor reflects broad, latent genetic risk for overall frailty.
Released in PGS Catalog: July 24, 2025
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Score Details

Score Construction
PGS Name General_Frailty
Development Method
Name SBayesR
Parameters SBayesR implemented in GCTB v2.03beta using a 2.8M SNP shrunk sparse LD matrix (UKB50k reference). Mixture prior probabilities: 0.95, 0.02, 0.02, 0.01; gamma values: 0.0, 0.01, 0.1, 1. Chain length = 25,000; burn-in = 5,000; output frequency = 10.
Variants
Original Genome Build GRCh37
Number of Variants 943,126
Effect Weight Type beta
PGS Source
PGS Catalog Publication (PGP) ID PGP000735
Citation (link to publication) Foote IF et al. Nat Genet (2024)
Ancestry Distribution
Source of Variant
Associations (GWAS)
European: 100%
2,105,711 individuals (100%)
PGS Evaluation
European: 100%
3 Sample Sets

Development Samples

Source of Variant Associations (GWAS)
Study Identifiers Sample Numbers Sample Ancestry Cohort(s)
2,105,711 individuals European NR, PGC, UKB

Performance Metrics

Disclaimer: The performance metrics are displayed as reported by the source studies. It is important to note that metrics are not necessarily comparable with each other. For example, metrics depend on the sample characteristics (described by the PGS Catalog Sample Set [PSS] ID), phenotyping, and statistical modelling. Please refer to the source publication for additional guidance on performance.

PGS Performance
Metric ID (PPM) 		PGS Sample Set ID
(PSS) 		Performance Source Trait PGS Effect Sizes
(per SD change) 		Classification Metrics Other Metrics Covariates Included in the Model PGS Performance:
Other Relevant Information
PPM022627 PSS012044|
European Ancestry|
7,181 individuals
 PGP000735 |
Foote IF et al. Nat Genet (2024)
 Reported Trait: Frailty Index OR: 1.09
β: 0.09		 — R²: 0.009
FDR corrected P-value: 3.29e-08		 age, sex, PC1-PC10 —
PPM022636 PSS012046|
European Ancestry|
3,265 individuals
 PGP000735 |
Foote IF et al. Nat Genet (2024)
 Reported Trait: Frailty Index OR: 1.11
β: 0.1		 — R²: 0.006
FDR corrected P-value: 2.00e-16		 age, sex, PC1-PC10 —
PPM022645 PSS012045|
European Ancestry|
1,005 individuals
 PGP000735 |
Foote IF et al. Nat Genet (2024)
 Reported Trait: Frailty Index OR: 1.08
β: 0.08		 — R²: 0.0002
FDR corrected P-value: 0.00846		 age, sex, PC1-PC4 —

Evaluated Samples

PGS Sample Set ID
(PSS) 		Phenotype Definitions and Methods Participant Follow-up Time Sample Numbers Age of Study Participants Sample Ancestry Additional Ancestry Description Cohort(s) Additional Sample/Cohort Information
PSS012046 — — 3,265 individuals,
32.0 % Male samples
 Mean = 60.34 years
Sd = 6.98 years		 European — PISA —
PSS012044 — — 7,181 individuals,
46.0 % Male samples
 Mean = 68.45 years European — ELSA —
PSS012045 — — 1,005 individuals,
51.0 % Male samples
 Mean = 69.6 years
Sd = 6.98 years		 European — LBC —