Trait: bilirubin measurement

Experimental Factor Ontology (EFO) Information
Identifier EFO_0004570
Description A bilirubin measurement is a quantification of bilirubin typically measured in serum.
Trait category
Other measurement
Synonym bilirubin levels
Mapped term SNOMEDCT:302787001

Associated Polygenic Score(s)

Filter PGS by Participant Ancestry
Individuals included in:
G - Source of Variant Associations (GWAS)
D - Score Development/Training
E - PGS Evaluation
List of ancestries includes:
Display options:
Ancestry legend
Multi-ancestry (including European)
Multi-ancestry (excluding European)
African
East Asian
South Asian
Additional Asian Ancestries
European
Greater Middle Eastern
Hispanic or Latin American
Additional Diverse Ancestries
Not Reported
Polygenic Score ID & Name PGS Publication ID (PGP) Reported Trait Mapped Trait(s) (Ontology) Number of Variants Ancestry distribution
GWAS
Dev
Eval
 Scoring File (FTP Link)
PGS000681
(snpnet.Direct_bilirubin)
 PGP000128 |
Sinnott-Armstrong N et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Direct bilirubin [umol/L] bilirubin measurement 3,104
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS000681/ScoringFiles/PGS000681.txt.gz - Check Terms/Licenses
PGS000697
(snpnet.Total_bilirubin)
 PGP000128 |
Sinnott-Armstrong N et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Total bilirubin [umol/L] bilirubin measurement 1,159
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS000697/ScoringFiles/PGS000697.txt.gz - Check Terms/Licenses
PGS001942
(portability-PLR_log_bilirubin)
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Total bilirubin bilirubin measurement 33,190
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS001942/ScoringFiles/PGS001942.txt.gz
PGS002160
(portability-ldpred2_log_bilirubin)
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Total bilirubin bilirubin measurement 120,068
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002160/ScoringFiles/PGS002160.txt.gz
PGS003524
(cont-decay-log_bilirubin)
 PGP000457 |
Ding Y et al. Nature (2023)
 Total bilirubin bilirubin measurement 979,739
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS003524/ScoringFiles/PGS003524.txt.gz
PGS004206
(db_1)
 PGP000520 |
Raben TG et al. Sci Rep (2023)
 Direct bilirubin bilirubin measurement 6,379
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS004206/ScoringFiles/PGS004206.txt.gz
PGS004207
(db_2)
 PGP000520 |
Raben TG et al. Sci Rep (2023)
 Direct bilirubin bilirubin measurement 7,438
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS004207/ScoringFiles/PGS004207.txt.gz
PGS004208
(db_3)
 PGP000520 |
Raben TG et al. Sci Rep (2023)
 Direct bilirubin bilirubin measurement 6,404
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS004208/ScoringFiles/PGS004208.txt.gz
PGS004209
(db_4)
 PGP000520 |
Raben TG et al. Sci Rep (2023)
 Direct bilirubin bilirubin measurement 2,507
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS004209/ScoringFiles/PGS004209.txt.gz
PGS004210
(db_5)
 PGP000520 |
Raben TG et al. Sci Rep (2023)
 Direct bilirubin bilirubin measurement 5,417
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS004210/ScoringFiles/PGS004210.txt.gz
PGS004731
(Bilirubin_PRSmix_eur)
 PGP000604 |
Truong B et al. Cell Genom (2024)
 Total bilirubin bilirubin measurement 96,003
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS004731/ScoringFiles/PGS004731.txt.gz
PGS004732
(Bilirubin_PRSmixPlus_eur)
 PGP000604 |
Truong B et al. Cell Genom (2024)
 Total bilirubin bilirubin measurement 3,030,080
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS004732/ScoringFiles/PGS004732.txt.gz
PGS019790
(TPMI_T-BIL_Lassosum2)
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Total bilirubin bilirubin measurement 1,292
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS019790/ScoringFiles/PGS019790.txt.gz
PGS019814
(TPMI_T-BIL_LDPred2)
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Total bilirubin bilirubin measurement 939,739
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS019814/ScoringFiles/PGS019814.txt.gz
PGS019838
(TPMI_T-BIL_PRS-CS)
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Total bilirubin bilirubin measurement 983,709
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS019838/ScoringFiles/PGS019838.txt.gz
PGS019862
(TPMI_T-BIL_SBayesR)
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Total bilirubin bilirubin measurement 1,029,413
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS019862/ScoringFiles/PGS019862.txt.gz
PGS019886
(TPMI_T-BIL_MegaPRS)
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Total bilirubin bilirubin measurement 339,351
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS019886/ScoringFiles/PGS019886.txt.gz

Performance Metrics

Disclaimer: The performance metrics are displayed as reported by the source studies. It is important to note that metrics are not necessarily comparable with each other. For example, metrics depend on the sample characteristics (described by the PGS Catalog Sample Set [PSS] ID), phenotyping, and statistical modelling. Please refer to the source publication for additional guidance on performance.

PGS Performance
Metric ID (PPM) 		Evaluated Score PGS Sample Set ID
(PSS) 		Performance Source Trait PGS Effect Sizes
(per SD change) 		Classification Metrics Other Metrics Covariates Included in the Model PGS Performance:
Other Relevant Information
PPM001409 PGS000681
(snpnet.Direct_bilirubin)
 PSS000684|
African Ancestry|
5,007 individuals
 PGP000128 |
Sinnott-Armstrong N et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Reported Trait: Direct bilirubin [umol/L] — — R²: 0.27938
Spearman's ρ: 0.469		 Age, sex, PCs(1-40) —
PPM001444 PGS000681
(snpnet.Direct_bilirubin)
 PSS000685|
East Asian Ancestry|
915 individuals
 PGP000128 |
Sinnott-Armstrong N et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Reported Trait: Direct bilirubin [umol/L] — — R²: 0.15786
Spearman's ρ: 0.291		 Age, sex, PCs(1-40) —
PPM001479 PGS000681
(snpnet.Direct_bilirubin)
 PSS000686|
European Ancestry|
20,094 individuals
 PGP000128 |
Sinnott-Armstrong N et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Reported Trait: Direct bilirubin [umol/L] — — R²: 0.33072
Spearman's ρ: 0.453		 Age, sex, PCs(1-40) —
PPM001514 PGS000681
(snpnet.Direct_bilirubin)
 PSS000687|
South Asian Ancestry|
6,088 individuals
 PGP000128 |
Sinnott-Armstrong N et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Reported Trait: Direct bilirubin [umol/L] — — R²: 0.3015
Spearman's ρ: 0.452		 Age, sex, PCs(1-40) —
PPM001549 PGS000681
(snpnet.Direct_bilirubin)
 PSS000688|
European Ancestry|
54,161 individuals
 PGP000128 |
Sinnott-Armstrong N et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Reported Trait: Direct bilirubin [umol/L] — — R²: 0.34294
Spearman's ρ: 0.46		 Age, sex, PCs(1-40) —
PPM007330 PGS000681
(snpnet.Direct_bilirubin)
 PSS007111|
African Ancestry|
5,082 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
|Ext.		 Reported Trait: Direct bilirubin — — R²: 0.17479 [0.15802, 0.19156]
Incremental R2 (full-covars): 0.12988
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.1566 [0.14037, 0.17282]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs —
PPM007331 PGS000681
(snpnet.Direct_bilirubin)
 PSS007112|
East Asian Ancestry|
1,363 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
|Ext.		 Reported Trait: Direct bilirubin — — R²: 0.10285 [0.07558, 0.13012]
Incremental R2 (full-covars): 0.07269
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.08571 [0.06034, 0.11108]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs —
PPM007332 PGS000681
(snpnet.Direct_bilirubin)
 PSS007113|
European Ancestry|
20,309 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
|Ext.		 Reported Trait: Direct bilirubin — — R²: 0.24142 [0.23216, 0.25068]
Incremental R2 (full-covars): 0.19386
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.21889 [0.20981, 0.22797]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs —
PPM007333 PGS000681
(snpnet.Direct_bilirubin)
 PSS007114|
South Asian Ancestry|
6,150 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
|Ext.		 Reported Trait: Direct bilirubin — — R²: 0.19064 [0.17499, 0.20629]
Incremental R2 (full-covars): 0.13188
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.13972 [0.12549, 0.15396]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs —
PPM007334 PGS000681
(snpnet.Direct_bilirubin)
 PSS007115|
European Ancestry|
54,944 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
|Ext.		 Reported Trait: Direct bilirubin — — R²: 0.23821 [0.23259, 0.24382]
Incremental R2 (full-covars): 0.18741
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.20562 [0.20019, 0.21106]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs —
PPM001460 PGS000697
(snpnet.Total_bilirubin)
 PSS000763|
East Asian Ancestry|
1,069 individuals
 PGP000128 |
Sinnott-Armstrong N et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin [umol/L] — — R²: 0.2156
Spearman's ρ: 0.347		 Age, sex, PCs(1-40) —
PPM001495 PGS000697
(snpnet.Total_bilirubin)
 PSS000764|
European Ancestry|
23,472 individuals
 PGP000128 |
Sinnott-Armstrong N et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin [umol/L] — — R²: 0.42641
Spearman's ρ: 0.523		 Age, sex, PCs(1-40) —
PPM001530 PGS000697
(snpnet.Total_bilirubin)
 PSS000765|
South Asian Ancestry|
7,313 individuals
 PGP000128 |
Sinnott-Armstrong N et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin [umol/L] — — R²: 0.43693
Spearman's ρ: 0.548		 Age, sex, PCs(1-40) —
PPM001565 PGS000697
(snpnet.Total_bilirubin)
 PSS000766|
European Ancestry|
63,531 individuals
 PGP000128 |
Sinnott-Armstrong N et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin [umol/L] — — R²: 0.44377
Spearman's ρ: 0.533		 Age, sex, PCs(1-40) —
PPM001425 PGS000697
(snpnet.Total_bilirubin)
 PSS000762|
African Ancestry|
5,978 individuals
 PGP000128 |
Sinnott-Armstrong N et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin [umol/L] — — R²: 0.38749
Spearman's ρ: 0.551		 Age, sex, PCs(1-40) —
PPM007410 PGS000697
(snpnet.Total_bilirubin)
 PSS007191|
African Ancestry|
6,059 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
|Ext.		 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — R²: 0.10271 [0.08873, 0.11668]
Incremental R2 (full-covars): 0.03802
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.21776 [0.20001, 0.2355]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs —
PPM007411 PGS000697
(snpnet.Total_bilirubin)
 PSS007192|
East Asian Ancestry|
1,603 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
|Ext.		 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — R²: 0.09391 [0.0676, 0.12023]
Incremental R2 (full-covars): 0.03098
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.16038 [0.12851, 0.19224]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs —
PPM007412 PGS000697
(snpnet.Total_bilirubin)
 PSS007193|
European Ancestry|
23,663 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
|Ext.		 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — R²: 0.12047 [0.11289, 0.12805]
Incremental R2 (full-covars): 0.06093
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.30905 [0.29951, 0.31859]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs —
PPM007413 PGS000697
(snpnet.Total_bilirubin)
 PSS007194|
South Asian Ancestry|
7,401 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
|Ext.		 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — R²: 0.14178 [0.12747, 0.15608]
Incremental R2 (full-covars): 0.05146
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.25946 [0.24276, 0.27617]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs —
PPM007414 PGS000697
(snpnet.Total_bilirubin)
 PSS007195|
European Ancestry|
64,211 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
|Ext.		 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — R²: 0.12453 [0.11987, 0.1292]
Incremental R2 (full-covars): 0.06102
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.30884 [0.30304, 0.31464]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs —
PPM010411 PGS001942
(portability-PLR_log_bilirubin)
 PSS009438|
European Ancestry|
18,919 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.6051 [0.596, 0.6141] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM010412 PGS001942
(portability-PLR_log_bilirubin)
 PSS009212|
European Ancestry|
3,930 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.6191 [0.5993, 0.638] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM010413 PGS001942
(portability-PLR_log_bilirubin)
 PSS008766|
European Ancestry|
6,303 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.6087 [0.5929, 0.624] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM010414 PGS001942
(portability-PLR_log_bilirubin)
 PSS008540|
Greater Middle Eastern Ancestry|
1,120 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.5648 [0.5231, 0.6037] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM010415 PGS001942
(portability-PLR_log_bilirubin)
 PSS008318|
South Asian Ancestry|
5,983 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.5812 [0.5641, 0.5977] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM010416 PGS001942
(portability-PLR_log_bilirubin)
 PSS008095|
East Asian Ancestry|
1,702 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.4145 [0.3742, 0.4534] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM010417 PGS001942
(portability-PLR_log_bilirubin)
 PSS007882|
African Ancestry|
2,326 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.5368 [0.5071, 0.5653] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM010418 PGS001942
(portability-PLR_log_bilirubin)
 PSS008986|
African Ancestry|
3,640 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.5462 [0.5229, 0.5686] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM012127 PGS002160
(portability-ldpred2_log_bilirubin)
 PSS009438|
European Ancestry|
18,919 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.5956 [0.5864, 0.6048] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM012128 PGS002160
(portability-ldpred2_log_bilirubin)
 PSS009212|
European Ancestry|
3,930 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.61 [0.5899, 0.6293] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM012129 PGS002160
(portability-ldpred2_log_bilirubin)
 PSS008766|
European Ancestry|
6,303 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.5997 [0.5836, 0.6153] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM012130 PGS002160
(portability-ldpred2_log_bilirubin)
 PSS008540|
Greater Middle Eastern Ancestry|
1,120 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.5608 [0.5189, 0.6] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM012131 PGS002160
(portability-ldpred2_log_bilirubin)
 PSS008318|
South Asian Ancestry|
5,983 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.5736 [0.5563, 0.5904] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM012132 PGS002160
(portability-ldpred2_log_bilirubin)
 PSS008095|
East Asian Ancestry|
1,702 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.403 [0.3622, 0.4423] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM012133 PGS002160
(portability-ldpred2_log_bilirubin)
 PSS007882|
African Ancestry|
2,326 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.4982 [0.4668, 0.5282] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM012134 PGS002160
(portability-ldpred2_log_bilirubin)
 PSS008986|
African Ancestry|
3,640 individuals
 PGP000263 |
Privé F et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — Partial Correlation (partial-r): 0.4749 [0.4492, 0.4997] sex, age, birth date, deprivation index, 16 PCs —
PPM017452 PGS003524
(cont-decay-log_bilirubin)
 PSS010887|
European Ancestry|
19,050 individuals
 PGP000457 |
Ding Y et al. Nature (2023)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — partial-R2: 0.35 sex, age, deprivation index, PC1-16 —
PPM017536 PGS003524
(cont-decay-log_bilirubin)
 PSS010803|
European Ancestry|
3,919 individuals
 PGP000457 |
Ding Y et al. Nature (2023)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — partial-R2: 0.37 sex, age, deprivation index, PC1-16 —
PPM017704 PGS003524
(cont-decay-log_bilirubin)
 PSS010551|
Greater Middle Eastern Ancestry|
1,091 individuals
 PGP000457 |
Ding Y et al. Nature (2023)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — partial-R2: 0.32 sex, age, deprivation index, PC1-16 —
PPM017788 PGS003524
(cont-decay-log_bilirubin)
 PSS010215|
European Ancestry|
2,230 individuals
 PGP000457 |
Ding Y et al. Nature (2023)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — partial-R2: 0.37 sex, age, deprivation index, PC1-16 —
PPM017872 PGS003524
(cont-decay-log_bilirubin)
 PSS010467|
South Asian Ancestry|
5,929 individuals
 PGP000457 |
Ding Y et al. Nature (2023)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — partial-R2: 0.33 sex, age, deprivation index, PC1-16 —
PPM017956 PGS003524
(cont-decay-log_bilirubin)
 PSS010383|
East Asian Ancestry|
1,691 individuals
 PGP000457 |
Ding Y et al. Nature (2023)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — partial-R2: 0.16 sex, age, deprivation index, PC1-16 —
PPM018040 PGS003524
(cont-decay-log_bilirubin)
 PSS010299|
African Ancestry|
2,314 individuals
 PGP000457 |
Ding Y et al. Nature (2023)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — partial-R2: 0.25 sex, age, deprivation index, PC1-16 —
PPM018124 PGS003524
(cont-decay-log_bilirubin)
 PSS010719|
African Ancestry|
3,611 individuals
 PGP000457 |
Ding Y et al. Nature (2023)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — partial-R2: 0.23 sex, age, deprivation index, PC1-16 —
PPM017620 PGS003524
(cont-decay-log_bilirubin)
 PSS010635|
European Ancestry|
6,151 individuals
 PGP000457 |
Ding Y et al. Nature (2023)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — partial-R2: 0.36 sex, age, deprivation index, PC1-16 —
PPM020139 PGS004206
(db_1)
 PSS011296|
European Ancestry|
45,334 individuals
 PGP000520 |
Raben TG et al. Sci Rep (2023)
 Reported Trait: Direct bilirubin — — R²: 0.28979 year of birth, sex —
PPM020140 PGS004207
(db_2)
 PSS011296|
European Ancestry|
45,334 individuals
 PGP000520 |
Raben TG et al. Sci Rep (2023)
 Reported Trait: Direct bilirubin — — R²: 0.28979 year of birth, sex —
PPM020141 PGS004208
(db_3)
 PSS011296|
European Ancestry|
45,334 individuals
 PGP000520 |
Raben TG et al. Sci Rep (2023)
 Reported Trait: Direct bilirubin — — R²: 0.28979 year of birth, sex —
PPM020142 PGS004209
(db_4)
 PSS011296|
European Ancestry|
45,334 individuals
 PGP000520 |
Raben TG et al. Sci Rep (2023)
 Reported Trait: Direct bilirubin — — R²: 0.28842 year of birth, sex —
PPM020143 PGS004210
(db_5)
 PSS011296|
European Ancestry|
45,334 individuals
 PGP000520 |
Raben TG et al. Sci Rep (2023)
 Reported Trait: Direct bilirubin — — R²: 0.28979 year of birth, sex —
PPM020956 PGS004731
(Bilirubin_PRSmix_eur)
 PSS011483|
European Ancestry|
5,157 individuals
 PGP000604 |
Truong B et al. Cell Genom (2024)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — Incremental R2 (Full model versus model with only covariates): 0.165 [0.147, 0.184] age, sex, PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5, PC6, PC7, PC8, PC9, PC10 Incremental R2 (Full model versus model with only covariates)
PPM020957 PGS004732
(Bilirubin_PRSmixPlus_eur)
 PSS011483|
European Ancestry|
5,157 individuals
 PGP000604 |
Truong B et al. Cell Genom (2024)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — Incremental R2 (Full model versus model with only covariates): 0.174 [0.155, 0.193] age, sex, PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4, PC5, PC6, PC7, PC8, PC9, PC10 Incremental R2 (Full model versus model with only covariates)
PPM037972 PGS019790
(TPMI_T-BIL_Lassosum2)
 PSS013789|
East Asian Ancestry|
6,964 individuals
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — AUROC: 0.60298 R²: 0.10795 sex, age, array, PCs 1-10 —
PPM037996 PGS019814
(TPMI_T-BIL_LDPred2)
 PSS013788|
East Asian Ancestry|
6,964 individuals
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — AUROC: 0.75343 R²: 0.1112 sex, age, array, PCs 1-10 —
PPM038020 PGS019838
(TPMI_T-BIL_PRS-CS)
 PSS013791|
East Asian Ancestry|
6,964 individuals
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — AUROC: 0.64859 R²: 0.11078 sex, age, array, PCs 1-10 —
PPM038044 PGS019862
(TPMI_T-BIL_SBayesR)
 PSS013792|
East Asian Ancestry|
6,964 individuals
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — R²: 0.09238 sex, age, array, PCs 1-10 —
PPM038068 PGS019886
(TPMI_T-BIL_MegaPRS)
 PSS013790|
East Asian Ancestry|
6,964 individuals
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Reported Trait: Total bilirubin — — R²: 0.06614 sex, age, array, PCs 1-10 —

Evaluated Samples

PGS Sample Set ID
(PSS) 		Phenotype Definitions and Methods Participant Follow-up Time Sample Numbers Age of Study Participants Sample Ancestry Additional Ancestry Description Cohort(s) Additional Sample/Cohort Information
PSS000684 — — 5,007 individuals — African unspecified — UKB —
PSS000685 — — 915 individuals — East Asian — UKB —
PSS000686 — — 20,094 individuals — European Non-British White UKB —
PSS000687 — — 6,088 individuals — South Asian — UKB —
PSS000688 — — 54,161 individuals — European
(British)		 — UKB —
PSS007882 — — 2,326 individuals — African American or Afro-Caribbean Carribean UKB —
PSS007111 — — 5,082 individuals — African unspecified — UKB —
PSS007112 — — 1,363 individuals — East Asian — UKB —
PSS007113 — — 20,309 individuals — European non-white British ancestry UKB —
PSS007114 — — 6,150 individuals — South Asian — UKB —
PSS007115 — — 54,944 individuals — European white British ancestry UKB Testing cohort (heldout set)
PSS010803 — — 3,919 individuals,
38.0 % Male samples
 Mean = 54.4 years
Sd = 7.6 years		 European Polish UKB —
PSS008540 — — 1,120 individuals — Greater Middle Eastern (Middle Eastern, North African or Persian) Iran (Middle East) UKB —
PSS010551 — — 1,091 individuals,
60.0 % Male samples
 Mean = 51.9 years
Sd = 7.9 years		 Greater Middle Eastern (Middle Eastern, North African or Persian) Iranian UKB —
PSS009438 — — 18,919 individuals — European UK (+ Ireland) UKB —
PSS010299 — — 2,314 individuals,
37.0 % Male samples
 Mean = 52.5 years
Sd = 8.1 years		 African American or Afro-Caribbean Caribbean UKB —
PSS011296 22,667 sibling pairs — 45,334 individuals — European — UKB —
PSS011483 — — 5,157 individuals — European — AllofUs —
PSS009212 — — 3,930 individuals — European Poland (NE Europe) UKB —
PSS008318 — — 5,983 individuals — South Asian India (South Asia) UKB —
PSS010719 — — 3,611 individuals,
46.0 % Male samples
 Mean = 51.9 years
Sd = 8.1 years		 African unspecified Nigerian UKB —
PSS010467 — — 5,929 individuals,
54.0 % Male samples
 Mean = 53.3 years
Sd = 8.4 years		 South Asian Indian UKB —
PSS010215 — — 2,230 individuals,
45.0 % Male samples
 Mean = 58.1 years
Sd = 7.1 years		 European Ashkenazi UKB —
PSS000762 — — 5,978 individuals — African unspecified — UKB —
PSS000763 — — 1,069 individuals — East Asian — UKB —
PSS000764 — — 23,472 individuals — European Non-British White UKB —
PSS000765 — — 7,313 individuals — South Asian — UKB —
PSS000766 — — 63,531 individuals — European
(British)		 — UKB —
PSS008986 — — 3,640 individuals — African unspecified Nigeria (West Africa) UKB —
PSS007191 — — 6,059 individuals — African unspecified — UKB —
PSS007192 — — 1,603 individuals — East Asian — UKB —
PSS007193 — — 23,663 individuals — European non-white British ancestry UKB —
PSS007194 — — 7,401 individuals — South Asian — UKB —
PSS007195 — — 64,211 individuals — European white British ancestry UKB Testing cohort (heldout set)
PSS008095 — — 1,702 individuals — East Asian China (East Asia) UKB —
PSS013789 — — 6,964 individuals,
47.83 % Male samples
 — East Asian
(Han Chinese)		 — TPMI —
PSS013788 — — 6,964 individuals,
47.83 % Male samples
 — East Asian
(Han Chinese)		 — TPMI —
PSS013791 — — 6,964 individuals,
47.83 % Male samples
 — East Asian
(Han Chinese)		 — TPMI —
PSS013792 — — 6,964 individuals,
47.83 % Male samples
 — East Asian
(Han Chinese)		 — TPMI —
PSS013790 — — 6,964 individuals,
47.83 % Male samples
 — East Asian
(Han Chinese)		 — TPMI —
PSS010887 — — 19,050 individuals,
46.0 % Male samples
 Mean = 56.9 years
Sd = 7.9 years		 European white British UKB —
PSS010635 — — 6,151 individuals,
45.0 % Male samples
 Mean = 54.5 years
Sd = 8.4 years		 European Italian UKB —
PSS010383 — — 1,691 individuals,
34.0 % Male samples
 Mean = 52.4 years
Sd = 7.8 years		 East Asian Chinese UKB —
PSS008766 — — 6,303 individuals — European Italy (South Europe) UKB —