Trait: Increased blood pressure

Trait Information
Identifier HP_0032263
Description Abnormal increase in blood pressure. An individual measurement of increased blood pressure does not necessarily imply hypertension. In practical terms, multiple measurements are recommended to diagnose the presence of hypertension. [PMID: 9137951]
Trait category
Cardiovascular disease
Synonym Increased BP
Child trait(s) Hypertension

Associated Polygenic Score(s)

Filter PGS by Participant Ancestry
Individuals included in:
G - Source of Variant Associations (GWAS)
D - Score Development/Training
E - PGS Evaluation
List of ancestries includes:
Display options:
Ancestry legend
Multi-ancestry (including European)
Multi-ancestry (excluding European)
African
East Asian
South Asian
Additional Asian Ancestries
European
Greater Middle Eastern
Hispanic or Latin American
Additional Diverse Ancestries
Not Reported
Note: This table shows all PGS for "Increased blood pressure" and any child terms of this trait in the EFO hierarchy by default.
Polygenic Score ID & Name PGS Publication ID (PGP) Reported Trait Mapped Trait(s) (Ontology) Number of Variants Ancestry distribution
GWAS
Dev
Eval
 Scoring File (FTP Link)
PGS000935
(GBE_INI2966)
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
 High blood pressure, age at diagnosis age at diagnosis,
Increased blood pressure		 370
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS000935/ScoringFiles/PGS000935.txt.gz
PGS018411
(MultiPRS_hypertension)
 PGP000826 |
Ometto S et al. Nat Commun (2026)
 Hypertension Hypertension 1,105,536
-
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS018411/ScoringFiles/PGS018411.txt.gz
PGS019126
(TPMI_401_Lassosum2)
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Hypertension Hypertension 59,363
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS019126/ScoringFiles/PGS019126.txt.gz
PGS019127
(TPMI_401_LDpred2)
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Hypertension Hypertension 939,830
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS019127/ScoringFiles/PGS019127.txt.gz
PGS019128
(TPMI_401_MegaPRS)
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Hypertension Hypertension 171,250
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS019128/ScoringFiles/PGS019128.txt.gz
PGS019129
(TPMI_401_PRS-CS)
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Hypertension Hypertension 983,787
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS019129/ScoringFiles/PGS019129.txt.gz
PGS019130
(TPMI_401_PRSmix+)
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Hypertension Hypertension 1,071,468
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS019130/ScoringFiles/PGS019130.txt.gz
PGS019131
(TPMI_401_SBayesR)
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Hypertension Hypertension 1,012,011
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS019131/ScoringFiles/PGS019131.txt.gz

Performance Metrics

Disclaimer: The performance metrics are displayed as reported by the source studies. It is important to note that metrics are not necessarily comparable with each other. For example, metrics depend on the sample characteristics (described by the PGS Catalog Sample Set [PSS] ID), phenotyping, and statistical modelling. Please refer to the source publication for additional guidance on performance.

PGS Performance
Metric ID (PPM) 		Evaluated Score PGS Sample Set ID
(PSS) 		Performance Source Trait PGS Effect Sizes
(per SD change) 		Classification Metrics Other Metrics Covariates Included in the Model PGS Performance:
Other Relevant Information
PPM007502 PGS000935
(GBE_INI2966)
 PSS006881|
African Ancestry|
2,132 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Age high BP diagnosed — — R²: 0.30909 [0.29042, 0.32776]
Incremental R2 (full-covars): -0.00137
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.00048 [-0.00058, 0.00155]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs —
PPM007503 PGS000935
(GBE_INI2966)
 PSS006882|
East Asian Ancestry|
324 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Age high BP diagnosed — — R²: 0.45043 [0.41548, 0.48538]
Incremental R2 (full-covars): 0.00012
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.00802 [-0.0004, 0.01644]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs —
PPM007504 PGS000935
(GBE_INI2966)
 PSS006883|
European Ancestry|
5,696 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Age high BP diagnosed — — R²: 0.35176 [0.34221, 0.3613]
Incremental R2 (full-covars): -7e-05
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.00205 [0.00093, 0.00318]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs —
PPM007505 PGS000935
(GBE_INI2966)
 PSS006884|
South Asian Ancestry|
2,038 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Age high BP diagnosed — — R²: 0.3864 [0.36951, 0.40329]
Incremental R2 (full-covars): 0.00339
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.00948 [0.00521, 0.01375]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs —
PPM007506 PGS000935
(GBE_INI2966)
 PSS006885|
European Ancestry|
17,194 individuals
 PGP000244 |
Tanigawa Y et al. PLoS Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Age high BP diagnosed — — R²: 0.30232 [0.29652, 0.30811]
Incremental R2 (full-covars): 0.00145
PGS R2 (no covariates): 0.00247 [0.00172, 0.00322]		 age, sex, UKB array type, Genotype PCs —
PPM036545 PGS018411
(MultiPRS_hypertension)
 PSS012301|
European Ancestry|
75,251 individuals
 PGP000826 |
Ometto S et al. Nat Commun (2026)
 Reported Trait: Prevalent Hypertension OR: 3.14 AUROC: 0.694 — age, sex, body surface area, PC1-PC20 Multi-PRS + baseline (diagnostic). OR per 1 SD of PRS (logOR=1.1429); DeLong p=1.782553870375481e-14. Sex='Both' (male/female strata also in Suppl. Data 27).
PPM036546 PGS018411
(MultiPRS_hypertension)
 PSS012302|
European Ancestry|
26,663 individuals
 PGP000826 |
Ometto S et al. Nat Commun (2026)
 Reported Trait: Incident Hypertension (1-10 yr) HR: 1.04 [1.02, 1.05]
OR: 2.12		 AUROC: 0.6336 — age, sex, body surface area, PC1-PC20 Multi-PRS + baseline (prognostic, 1-10 yr). OR per 1 SD (logOR=0.7529); HR per SD of PRS from Cox model (col D); DeLong p=0.4962699408776705. Sex='Both'.
PPM036547 PGS018411
(MultiPRS_hypertension)
 PSS012303|
European Ancestry|
111,853 individuals
 PGP000826 |
Ometto S et al. Nat Commun (2026)
 Reported Trait: Hypertension OR: 2.98 AUROC: 0.7053 — age, sex, body surface area, PC1-PC20 Multi-PRS + baseline (whole cohort). OR per 1 SD (logOR=1.0932); DeLong p=2.275480499194408e-13. Sex='Both'.
PPM037308 PGS019126
(TPMI_401_Lassosum2)
 PSS013052|
East Asian Ancestry|
19,404 individuals
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Reported Trait: Hypertension — AUROC: 0.64703 R²: 0.08812 sex, age, array, PCs 1-10 —
PPM037309 PGS019127
(TPMI_401_LDpred2)
 PSS013051|
East Asian Ancestry|
19,404 individuals
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Reported Trait: Hypertension — AUROC: 0.65438 R²: 0.09745 sex, age, array, PCs 1-10 —
PPM037310 PGS019128
(TPMI_401_MegaPRS)
 PSS013053|
East Asian Ancestry|
19,404 individuals
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Reported Trait: Hypertension — AUROC: 0.64477 R²: 0.0867 sex, age, array, PCs 1-10 —
PPM037311 PGS019129
(TPMI_401_PRS-CS)
 PSS013054|
East Asian Ancestry|
19,404 individuals
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Reported Trait: Hypertension — AUROC: 0.65293 R²: 0.09605 sex, age, array, PCs 1-10 —
PPM037312 PGS019130
(TPMI_401_PRSmix+)
 PSS013055|
East Asian Ancestry|
19,404 individuals
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Reported Trait: Hypertension — AUROC: 0.66701 R²: 0.1137 sex, age, array, PCs 1-10 —
PPM037313 PGS019131
(TPMI_401_SBayesR)
 PSS013056|
East Asian Ancestry|
19,404 individuals
 PGP000835 |
Chen HH et al. Nature (2025)
 Reported Trait: Hypertension — AUROC: 0.63941 R²: 0.08082 sex, age, array, PCs 1-10 —

Evaluated Samples

PGS Sample Set ID
(PSS) 		Phenotype Definitions and Methods Participant Follow-up Time Sample Numbers Age of Study Participants Sample Ancestry Additional Ancestry Description Cohort(s) Additional Sample/Cohort Information
PSS013053 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 437.2, 997.91,I10, I11, I12, I13, I15, I16, I67.4, I97.3, N26.2 —
[
  • 6,675 cases
  • , 12,729 controls
]
,
45.74 % Male samples
 — East Asian
(Han Chinese)		 — TPMI —
PSS013054 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 437.2, 997.91,I10, I11, I12, I13, I15, I16, I67.4, I97.3, N26.2 —
[
  • 6,675 cases
  • , 12,729 controls
]
,
45.74 % Male samples
 — East Asian
(Han Chinese)		 — TPMI —
PSS013055 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 437.2, 997.91,I10, I11, I12, I13, I15, I16, I67.4, I97.3, N26.2 —
[
  • 6,675 cases
  • , 12,729 controls
]
,
45.74 % Male samples
 — East Asian
(Han Chinese)		 — TPMI —
PSS013056 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 437.2, 997.91,I10, I11, I12, I13, I15, I16, I67.4, I97.3, N26.2 —
[
  • 6,675 cases
  • , 12,729 controls
]
,
45.74 % Male samples
 — East Asian
(Han Chinese)		 — TPMI —
PSS006881 — — 2,132 individuals — African unspecified — UKB —
PSS006882 — — 324 individuals — East Asian — UKB —
PSS006883 — — 5,696 individuals — European non-white British ancestry UKB —
PSS006884 — — 2,038 individuals — South Asian — UKB —
PSS006885 — — 17,194 individuals — European white British ancestry UKB Testing cohort (heldout set)
PSS012301 Balanced case/control cohort: cases from UK Biobank hospital/EHR & self-report; equal number of super-controls (no cardiac/metabolic disease) matched on age and sex. — 75,251 individuals — European — UKB —
PSS012302 Balanced case/control cohort: cases from UK Biobank hospital/EHR & self-report; equal number of super-controls (no cardiac/metabolic disease) matched on age and sex. — 26,663 individuals — European — UKB —
PSS012303 Balanced case/control cohort: cases from UK Biobank hospital/EHR & self-report; equal number of super-controls (no cardiac/metabolic disease) matched on age and sex. — 111,853 individuals — European — UKB —
PSS013051 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 437.2, 997.91,I10, I11, I12, I13, I15, I16, I67.4, I97.3, N26.2 —
[
  • 6,675 cases
  • , 12,729 controls
]
,
45.74 % Male samples
 — East Asian
(Han Chinese)		 — TPMI —
PSS013052 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 437.2, 997.91,I10, I11, I12, I13, I15, I16, I67.4, I97.3, N26.2 —
[
  • 6,675 cases
  • , 12,729 controls
]
,
45.74 % Male samples
 — East Asian
(Han Chinese)		 — TPMI —